Sunburn is a common skin condition caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When the skin is overexposed to UV rays, it triggers a series of reactions that lead to inflammation and damage to the outer layer of the skin. This condition is characterized by redness, warmth, pain, and sometimes swelling of the affected area.

UV radiation consists of UVA and UVB rays, both of which can contribute to sunburn. UVB rays are primarily responsible for causing sunburn by damaging the outermost layers of the skin. The severity of sunburn can range from mild to severe, depending on factors such as the duration of sun exposure, skin type, and the presence of protective measures like sunscreen.

The initial symptoms of sunburn typically appear a few hours after sun exposure and may peak within 24 to 48 hours. In addition to redness and pain, sunburn can cause the skin to blister and peel as it attempts to repair itself. Prolonged or repeated sunburns can contribute to long-term skin damage, premature aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer.

Preventing sunburn is crucial for maintaining skin health. Protective measures include using broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF), wearing protective clothing, such as hats and long-sleeved shirts, and seeking shade during peak sunlight hours. It’s also essential to stay hydrated, as sun exposure can contribute to dehydration.

Treatment for sunburn focuses on relieving symptoms and promoting healing. This may involve applying cool compresses, using over-the-counter pain relievers, and staying hydrated. Severe sunburns may require medical attention.

In summary, sunburn is a common and preventable skin condition resulting from excessive sun exposure. Taking precautions and practicing sun safety are essential to protect the skin from damage and reduce the risk of long-term consequences associated with UV radiation.