Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts on the skin that can vary in size and shape. These welts or wheals are typically red or flesh-colored and can appear suddenly, often accompanied by a stinging or burning sensation. Urticaria is a result of the release of histamine and other chemicals in the body, leading to the swelling and inflammation of the skin.

The causes of urticaria are diverse and can range from allergic reactions to certain foods, medications, insect stings, or exposure to environmental factors such as pollen or pet dander. In some cases, physical triggers like pressure, temperature changes, or sun exposure can also induce hives. Chronic urticaria, where the condition persists for more than six weeks, may have an underlying autoimmune component.

The hallmark symptom of urticaria is the appearance of raised, red welts on the skin, often surrounded by an area of redness known as erythema. These welts may come and go, migrating to different areas of the body. In severe cases, urticaria can lead to angioedema, a deeper swelling that affects the eyelids, lips, and sometimes the throat, potentially causing difficulty breathing.

Management of urticaria involves identifying and avoiding triggers whenever possible. Antihistamines are commonly used to alleviate symptoms and reduce the release of histamine in the body. In severe cases, corticosteroids or other immunomodulatory medications may be prescribed. For chronic urticaria with an autoimmune component, treatments that target the underlying immune dysfunction may be considered.

While urticaria can be uncomfortable and distressing, it is generally not life-threatening. Most cases can be effectively managed with appropriate medical intervention and lifestyle adjustments. Seeking medical advice is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the development of a tailored treatment plan based on the specific triggers and characteristics of the individual’s condition.